Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less.

Inventory

Inventory is carried at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Items in inventory relate predominantly to the Company’s ClearPoint system. Software license inventory related to ClearPoint systems undergoing on-site customer evaluation is included in inventory in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. All other software license inventory is classified as a non-current asset. The Company periodically reviews its inventory for obsolete items and provides a reserve upon identification of potential obsolete items.

Intangible Assets

In 2020 and 2019, the Company entered into certain license agreements that provide rights to the Company for the development and commercialization of products in the functional neurosurgery field. Under the terms of those certain license agreements, the Company paid an aggregate $0.6 million to the licensors upon execution of the license agreements for access to the underlying technologies and will make future payments based on the achievement of regulatory and commercialization milestones as defined in the license agreements. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company determined that the technology underlying the licensing rights acquired in 2019 was unlikely to be of future benefit. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $0.1 million, representing the unamortized balance of its investment in the licensing rights, which is included in amortization and depreciation in the accompanying 2020 consolidated statement of operations.

In conformity with Accounting Standards Codification Section 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other,” the Company amortizes its investment in the license rights described above over an expected useful life of five years.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, principally five to seven years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the term of the related lease.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of its long-lived assets (finite-lived intangible assets and property and equipment). Whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable, the expected undiscounted future cash flows are compared to the net book value of the related assets. If the net book value of the related assets were to exceed the undiscounted expected future cash flows of the assets, the carrying amount would be reduced to the present value of the expected future cash flows and an impairment loss would be recognized.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenues are comprised primarily of: (1) product revenues resulting from the sale of functional neurosurgery, navigation, therapy, and biologics and drug delivery disposable products; (2) product revenues resulting from the sale of ClearPoint capital equipment and software; (3) revenues resulting from the service, installation, training and shipping related to ClearPoint capital equipment and software; and (4) clinical case support revenues in connection with customer-sponsored clinical trials. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the Company’s products and services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products and services, in a process that involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. When a contract calls for the satisfaction of multiple performance obligations for a single contract price, the Company allocates the contract price among the performance obligations based on the relative stand-alone prices for each such performance obligation customarily charged by the Company. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or service to the customer, meaning the customer has the ability to use and obtain the benefit of the good or service. The Company recognizes revenue for satisfied performance obligations only when it determines there are no uncertainties regarding payment terms or transfer of control.

Lines of Business; Timing of Revenue Recognition

For both types of capital equipment and software sales described above, the Company’s determination of the point in time at which to recognize revenue represents that point at which the customer has legal title, physical possession, and the risks and rewards of ownership, and the Company has a present right to payment.

The Company operates in one industry segment, and substantially all its sales are to U.S.-based customers.

Payment terms under contracts with customers generally are in a range of 30-60 days after the customers’ receipt of the Company’s invoices.

The Company provides a one-year warranty on its functional neurosurgery navigation products, biologics and drug delivery products, and capital equipment and software products that are not otherwise covered by a third-party manufacturer’s warranty. The Company’s contracts with customers do not provide for a right of return other than for product defects.

See Note 3 for additional information regarding revenue recognition.

Research and Development Costs

Costs related to research, design and development of products are charged to research and development expense as incurred.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases. Such assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income or loss in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides a valuation allowance against net deferred income tax assets unless, based upon available evidence, it is more likely than not the deferred income tax assets will be realized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company computes net loss per share using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Basic and diluted net loss per share are the same because the conversion, exercise or issuance of all potential common stock equivalents, which comprise the entire amount of the Company’s outstanding common stock options and warrants as described in Note 8, and the potential dilution of the 2020 Secured Notes and the Second Closing Note as described in Note 6, would be anti-dilutive.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for compensation for all arrangements under which employees, directors and others receive shares of stock or other equity instruments (including options and warrants) based on fair value. The fair value of each award is estimated as of the grant date and amortized as compensation expense over the requisite vesting period. The fair values of the Company’s share-based awards are estimated on the grant dates using the Black-Scholes valuation model. This valuation model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock volatility, estimated award terms and risk-free interest rates for the expected terms. To estimate the expected terms, the Company utilizes the “simplified” method for “plain vanilla” options discussed in the Staff Accounting Bulletin 107 (“SAB 107”) issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company believes that all factors listed within SAB 107 as pre-requisites for utilizing the simplified method apply to the Company and its share-based compensation arrangements. The Company intends to utilize the simplified method for the foreseeable future until more detailed information about exercise behavior becomes available. The Company based its estimate of expected volatility on the average of: (i) historical volatilities of publicly traded companies it deemed similar to the Company; and (ii) the Company’s historical volatility, which is limited, and will consistently apply this methodology until its own sufficient relevant historical data is exists. The Company utilizes risk-free interest rates based on zero-coupon U.S. treasury instruments, the terms of which are consistent with the expected terms of the equity awards. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero.

Fair Value Determination of Share-Based Transactions

The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CLPT.” Quoted closing stock prices are used as a key input in determining the fair value for share-based transactions. For the period from December 9, 2019 until the Company’s corporate name change and stock trading symbol change on February 12, 2020 (see Note 1), the Company’s common stock was traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “MRIC.” For the period from July 3, 2019 through December 8, 2019, the Company’s common stock was traded on the NYSE American LLC, and prior to July 3, 2019, the Company’s common stock was traded in the over-the-counter market and was quoted on the OTCQB Marketplace and the OTC Bulletin Board under the symbol “MRIC.”

Concentration Risks and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company holds substantially all its cash and cash equivalents on deposit with financial institutions in the U.S. insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. At December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $14.8 million in bank balances that were in excess of the insured limits.

At December 31, 2020, one customer accounted for 11% of accounts receivable, and at December 31, 2019, one customer accounted for 12% of accounts receivable.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, one customer, a related party as described in Note 3, accounted for 28% of total revenue.

Prior to granting credit, the Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, and generally does not require collateral from its customers. The Company will provide an allowance for doubtful accounts when collections become doubtful. The allowance for doubtful accounts as of each of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was less than $0.1 million.

The Company is subject to risks common to emerging companies in the medical device industry, including, but not limited to: new technological innovations; acceptance and competitiveness of its products; dependence on key personnel; dependence on key suppliers; changes in general economic conditions and interest rates; protection of proprietary technology; compliance with changing government regulations; uncertainty of widespread market acceptance of products; access to credit for capital purchases by customers; and product liability claims. Certain components used in manufacturing have relatively few alternative sources of supply and establishing additional or replacement suppliers for such components cannot be accomplished quickly. The inability of any of these suppliers to fulfill the Company’s supply requirements may negatively impact future operating results.

Recent Accounting Standards

In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-06, “Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) – Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (the “ASU”). The ASU amends prior authoritative literature to reduce the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. For convertible instruments with conversion features that are not required to be accounted for as derivatives under Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, or that do not result in substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in-capital, the embedded conversion features no longer are separated from the host contract. The Company has determined that the conversion feature embedded in the Second Closing Note (see Note 6) is within the scope of the ASU. Accordingly, upon adoption of the ASU, the discount recorded in association with the Second Closing Note, the corresponding amount recorded in additional paid-in capital amounting to approximately $3.1 million at the date of issuance of the Second Closing Note, and the accumulated amortization of the discount which will have been charged to interest expense during the period between the date of issuance of the Second Closing Note and the date of adoption of the ASU, will be reversed.

The ASU is effective for public business entities, other than smaller reporting companies, as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. For all other entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Adoption is allowed under either the modified or fully retrospective method of transition. The Company, which is a smaller reporting company as of December 31, 2020, is evaluating both the timing and the method in which to adopt the ASU.

Reclassifications

The accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020 contains certain items formerly classified as service revenue that that have been reclassified to product revenue, and certain items formerly classified as general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, and sales and marketing expenses that have been reclassified to cost of revenues. The accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019 has been conformed to the 2020 presentation.