Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a basis consistent with the Company’s December 31, 2020 audited consolidated financial statements, and include all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state the information set forth therein. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with SEC rules for interim financial information, and, therefore, omit certain information and footnote disclosures necessary to present such statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”). The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements and during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K. The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for a complete set of financial statements. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 may not be indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year or any future periods.

Inventory

Inventory is carried at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Items in inventory relate predominantly to the Company’s ClearPoint system. Software license inventory related to ClearPoint systems undergoing on-site customer evaluation is included in inventory in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All other software license inventory is classified as a non-current asset. The Company periodically reviews its inventory for obsolete items and provides a reserve upon identification of potential obsolete items.

Intangible Assets

The Company is a party to certain license agreements that provide rights to the Company for the development and commercialization of products in the functional neurosurgery field. Under the terms of those license agreements, the Company made payments to the licensors upon execution of the license agreements for access to the underlying technologies and will make future payments based on the achievement of regulatory and commercialization milestones as defined in the license agreements.

In conformity with Accounting Standards Codification Section 350, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other,” the Company amortizes its investment in the license rights described above over an expected useful life of five years. In addition, the Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of its investment in the license rights and records an impairment charge in the event such evaluation indicates that the Company’s investment is not likely of being recovered.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue is comprised primarily of: (1) product revenue resulting from the sale of functional neurosurgery, navigation, therapy, and biologics and drug delivery disposable products; (2) product revenue resulting from the sale of ClearPoint capital equipment and software; (3) revenue resulting from the service, installation, training and shipping related to ClearPoint capital equipment and software; and (4) clinical case support revenue in connection with customer-sponsored clinical trials. The Company recognizes revenue when control of the Company’s products and services is transferred to its customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive from its customers in exchange for those products and services, in a process that involves identifying the contract with a customer, determining the performance obligations in the contract, determining the contract price, allocating the contract price to the distinct performance obligations in the contract, and recognizing revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. A performance obligation is considered distinct from other obligations in a contract when it provides a benefit to the customer either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer and is separately identified in the contract. When a contract calls for the satisfaction of multiple performance obligations for a single contract price, the Company allocates the contract price among the performance obligations based on the relative stand-alone prices for each such performance obligation customarily charged by the Company. The Company considers a performance obligation satisfied once it has transferred control of a good or service to the customer, meaning the customer has the ability to use and obtain the benefit of the good or service. The Company recognizes revenue for satisfied performance obligations only when it determines there are no uncertainties regarding payment terms or transfer of control.

Lines of Business; Timing of Revenue Recognition

For both types of capital equipment and software sales described above, the Company’s determination of the point in time at which to recognize revenue represents that point at which the customer has legal title, physical possession, and the risks and rewards of ownership, and the Company has a present right to payment.

The Company operates in one industry segment, and substantially all its sales are to U.S.-based customers.

Payment terms under contracts with customers generally are in a range of 30-60 days after the customers’ receipt of the Company’s invoices.

The Company provides a one-year warranty on its functional neurosurgery navigation products, biologics and drug delivery products, and capital equipment and software products that are not otherwise covered by a third-party manufacturer’s warranty. The Company’s contracts with customers do not provide for a right of return other than for product defects.

See Note 3 for additional information regarding revenue recognition.

Net Loss Per Share

The Company computes net loss per share using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Basic and diluted net loss per share are the same because the conversion, exercise or issuance of all potential common stock equivalents, which comprise the entire amount of the Company’s outstanding common stock options and warrants, as described in Note 7, and the potential conversion of the 2020 Secured Notes and the Second Closing Note, as described in Note 5, would be anti-dilutive.

Concentration Risks and Other Risks and Uncertainties

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company holds substantially all its cash and cash equivalents on deposit with financial institutions in the U.S. insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. At March 31, 2021, the Company had approximately $60 million in bank balances that were in excess of the insured limits.

One customer accounted for 14% of accounts receivable at March 31, 2021, and one customer accounted for 11% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2020.

One customer, a related party as discussed in Note 3, accounted for 17% and 28% of total sales in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Prior to granting credit, the Company performs credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition, and generally does not require collateral from its customers. The Company will provide an allowance for doubtful accounts when collections become doubtful. The allowance for doubtful accounts at each of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $0.06 million.

The Company is subject to risks common to emerging companies in the medical device industry, including, but not limited to: new technological innovations; acceptance and competitiveness of its products; dependence on key personnel; dependence on key suppliers; changes in general economic conditions and interest rates; protection of proprietary technology; compliance with changing government regulations; uncertainty of widespread market acceptance of products; access to credit for capital purchases by customers; and product liability claims. Certain components used in manufacturing have relatively few alternative sources of supply and establishing additional or replacement suppliers for such components cannot be accomplished quickly. The inability of any of these suppliers to fulfill the Company’s supply requirements may negatively impact future operating results.

Adoption of New Accounting Standard

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company adopted, on a modified retrospective method of transition, the provisions of Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-06, “Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) – Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity” (the “ASU”). The ASU is effective for public companies, other than smaller reporting companies as defined by the SEC, for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and for smaller reporting companies, which is the Company’s current classification, for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2023. However, the ASU permits early adoption no earlier than for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2020, and the Company elected such early adoption. The ASU amends prior authoritative literature to reduce the number of accounting models for, among others, convertible debt instruments for which the embedded conversion features of such instruments had previously been required to be separated from the host contract. The Company determined that the conversion feature embedded in the Second Closing Note (see Note 5) was within the scope of the ASU. Accordingly, the discount originally recorded in connection with the issuance of the Second Closing Note and a corresponding amount recorded in additional paid-in capital, each in the amount of approximately $3.1 million at the date of issuance of the Second Closing Note, were reversed as of the date of adoption of the ASU.

Reclassifications

The accompanying consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 contains: (a) certain items formerly classified as service revenue that that have been reclassified to product revenue; (b) certain items formerly classified as general and administrative expenses, research and development expenses, and sales and marketing expenses that have been reclassified to cost of revenue; and (c) an item formerly classified as interest expense that has been reclassified as other expense. The accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 has been conformed to the 2021 presentation.